In April 1522, the Battle of Bicocca, in Italy, marks the beginning of the supremacy of foot combat and firearms over the medieval cavalry through the Spanish tactics of the Tercios – the new Age of War that will extend until the end of the XVII century.

The redesign of medieval castles in order to face the firearms in the sieges originating the European fortresses, which will be build in the world by the major European XVI and XVII century powers.